Hi everyone, as I know so far all simple compression and tension test are treated as static loading problem and simulated using ABAQUS standard. However, if I want to test a new developed VUMAT using uniaxial compression simulation, is that means I must set up the compression simulation using all ABAQUS explicit option? In other words, am I gonna choose dynamic (explicit) option for compression step and mesh my model using explicit mesh? I tried to set up the compression test using dynamic (explicit) option but got very strange result. It seems that bulking always happens even I set contact properties between specimen and compression head as frictionless. But the result I expected is a deformed configuration which deform evenly in all direction, like the one we can obtain in ABAQUS standard using frictionless and pure elastic material properties. Is anyone has ideas or experiences in dealing with this kind of problem?
Thank you.
Read the manual
Hello,
I recommend you study the example input files provided for the example
1.3.16 Upsetting of a cylindrical billet: coupled temperature-displacement and adiabatic analysis
in the benchmark manual. First use standard commands. If this weird shape persists, the error must be within your VUMAT code.
Good luck
Frank
------------------------------------------
Ruhr-University
Bochum
Germany
Thanks for your suggestion
Thanks for your comment Frank, I read the example you mentioned and found out that for a same compression test, an axisymmetric explicit model would give me the desired homogeneous compression shape, but a 2D explicit model would give the weird deformed shape just like the one I shown above. Also, I try to compare 2 simple compression simulation with with differet solver, one use static general step (standard solver), and the other one use dynamic explicit step (explicit solver), both simulation use same material properties defined by ABAQUS built in elasticity and plasticity model, the simulation results are shown below. It seems to me that the cause of weird deformed shape in compression simulation is not the type of material but the type of solver. However, there should not be such a large difference between these results right? Can you tell me what is the reason? If I must use 2D (not axisymmetric) explicit solver in this case, what setting should I use in order to obtain the similiar result as the one from standard solver?
Thank you
Basics of uniaxial compression
Hello gnoij,
the picture
ABAQUS Standard result (wanted to achieve).jpg
shows that the lateral faces of the sample remain straight in the course of the deformation, i.e., the deformation proceeds friction-free. That means that a uniaxial state of stress should prevail. In that case the von Mises stress should equal the axial stress, and this should be homogeneous throughout the entire volume. This criterion holds both for cylindrical and square cross-section of the sample, and any constitutive behavior. This is contradicted in the picture. Did you generate it using standard commands only ?
The same holds for
Result From Standard Solver (mentioned in 3rd comment).jpg
This is totally weird.
Looking at
ABAQUS Explicit result.jpg
I'd rather say that you are implementing 3d elements, not 2D.
There should be no qualitative difference between standard and explicit.
First restrict your simulations to strictly elastic materials.
You are lucky. I was teased by the term "Uniaxial Compression " in your topic. I devoted my own PhD thesis to it. I recommend you study the basics of the compression test. My PhD thesis is entitled
"Upsetting and Viscoelasticity of Vitreous SiO2: Experiments, Interpretation and Simulation"
and available for download at
http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2006/1179/
Pick chapters 3.1, 3.2, 6 and appendix B1.
If you are after the stress state in specimens of square cross-sections then honor Knein, a reference in my thesis. It is written in German though. Present-day knowledge is accumulated in books on "contact mechanics", e.g.:
K.L. Johnson: Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press; 1987
Post your input files or send them to me. State clearly which input file has generated which picture.
Frank
------------------------------------------
Ruhr-University
Bochum
Germany
In reply to Basics of uniaxial compression by Frank Richter
Thanks For Your Concern
Hello Frank,
You are right, by setting the simulations to be frictionless and no separation after contact, I could obtain a homogeneous deformation with standard solver without any problem. However, the nonhomogeneous and twisted deformation occur if I switch to explicit solver, even if other settings like material and interaction properties are preserved.
My undergraduate final year project is to conduct the uniaxial compression simulation of bulk metallic glass which stated in the thesis entitled "The multi-axial deformation behavior of bulk metallic glasses at high homologous temperatures", but so far I still could not set up the simulation, needless to say run the VUMAT testing. Inside the thesis a 3D uniaxial compression simulation is solved using ABAQUS/Explicit by assuming that there is no friction between the specimen and piston, and the simulation result should be a homogeneous deformation. However, I just can not figure out how to make a dynamic explicit compression simulation to be homogeneous, all I got is some weird and twisted deformation as shown in 2nd and 3rd picture. In fact, the input file named "3D compression INP - Explicit solver" is actually my simulation model to conduct a identical compression simulation as the one mentioned in the thesis.
The input files for the pictures are upload on the first comment, please feel free to tell me your opinions about the INP files. Besides that, the computation time is found to become much longer when explicit solver is used. Do you know what is the reason and how to overcome it?
Thanks and regards
In reply to Thanks For Your Concern by gnoij
why this element ?
Regarding the choice of an element type: in the pdf you provided they are using C3D8R resp. C3D8RT elements.
The specimen in the 3D simulation is not centered in your simulation. You observe a horizontal shift of the nodes on the central vertical line. Equivalently, the vertical shifts of the left edge and the right edge do not differ only in sign, but also in magnitude.
This also holds for the 2D simulation. In 2D Compression-Standard Solver (3rd picture) you see that the node defining the rigid die is aligned with element edges in the final configuration, but it is not in the initial configuration.
The twisted shape may result if it is not centered both horizontally and in the direction normal to the plane of the picture.
I am not familiar with generation of FEM models within CAE. I write my input files by hand which are the so-called "flattened" input files. Thus, all the "PickedSet" and "internal" stuff makes it a bit difficult for me to follow your coding. That's why I did not modify your input files.
You should, as a a first attempt:
1) change the element type
2) center the specimen
3) simulate only what you really need. Unless your boss insists drop the rigid dies and model them as a single horizontal line (2D) resp. plane for 3D, see my thesis.
Modeling the rigid dies is not needed. Looks nice, but if you want
to show them in contour plots you will lose resolution in the spatial
distribution over the specimen cross section. It is sufficient to model one eigth of the specimen as shown in Fig. 3 in that pdf, making use of symmetry considerations. The region of interest is thus only 2 mm x 2 mm x 4 mm. This will also reduce the simulation time. Pick one quarter of the cross-section (caution: divide measured force by four !) and only half of the height. Apply appropriate boundary conditions to restrict motion !
Once you incorporate thermal effects later this will also give you an opportunity to visualize internal thermal gradients from the specimen center to the surface as a contour plot (provided the gradient is large enough to be detectable). The Fig. 4a-d shows this gradient only on the surface.
Why do you want to model this process as 2D ? CPE4R elements do not feature the degree of freedom 6.
If you want to incorporate heat flow (p. 682 in the pdf), then refer to my thesis.
With which institution are you affiliated ? Is your boss one of R. Ekambaram, P. Thamburaja, H. Yang, Y. Li, N. Nikabdullah ?
Where do you get the VUMAT from ? Is the code reliable ? Did it get tested ?
------------------------------------------
Ruhr-University
Bochum
Germany
In reply to why this element ? by Frank Richter
Hi
Hi Frank,
Thank you very much for your concern and opinion. I am a undergraduate student from National University Malaysia and my supervisor is Prof N. Nikabdullah. Actually constructing the VUMAT is my final year project objective. The 3D compression simulation result is needed to compare with experiment result in the paper in order to verify whether my VUMAT is reliable. While the 2D compression simulation is actually planned to be used as a faster testing manner to test my VUMAT during the developing process.
So far I have constructed an isothermal VUMAT based on the constitutive model discussed in the research paper. To be honest I don't think my VUMAT is reliable so far. In fact, I have created another blogs for the problems I encounter in the process to develop my VUMAT, here is the links in case you are interested
http://imechanica.org/node/10304
http://imechanica.org/node/10305
I am trying to run the simulation based on your suggestion now and will inform you when I get the result. Thanks again for your advice.
Hi Frank, I
Hi Frank,
I have run the simulation base on your suggestions. I use a perfect elastic material first for testing (E=210GPa, v=0.3), the simulation boundary conditions are 3 symmetry BC on 3 mutual perpendicular node set, and a displacement BC on top of the specimen (geaometry set). Meshing element is standard C3D8R with default setting. Constant mass scaling of 5 is added on the pressing step to speed up the analysis. I run the simulation for about 2 hour, but the model seems to deform in a very unreasonable way. I think it is because I mess up with boundary coundary conditions. Can you give me some opinion regarding this problem and my simulation setting?
P/S: The pictures of BC and deformed shape, and the INP file are uploaded on the 1st comment.
static simulation is fine
I modified your simulation (there was an error in the material definition) and converted it into an Abaqus Standard static test. The code is appended underneath. All seems to be fine. The stress is homogeneous and the boundary conditions seem to be well-defined.
In the explicit simulation I also observe weird crumbling of the specimen. Unfortunately, I am not at all familiar with Abaqus Explicit.
You'd better spread the word regarding your problem.
Become a member of
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Abaqus/
Note that
1) this is a moderated list, your posting will actually be read by the moderator before it gets posted
2) it is not possible to attach any documents to postings in this list. Refer to your blog by a link or express your problem in text only.
You may also post your query related to the VUMAT there, but in a separate posting only.
Developing VUMAT codes is quite challenging. Is your code to perform any better than the one used in that paper ? Also try finding VUMAT codes using Google. Combine the search terms "subroutine VUMAT" with "in partial fulfillment", a typical phrase in Master's or PhD theses.
Focus on the 3D simulation. I wouldn't know how you can benefit from a 2D simulation. You have nothing to compare to. At best you will know if it runs without any programming error. And the 3D simulation does not take really that long before you see some result.
I will be offline from Tuesday to Friday, and then have no access to ABAQUS till June 01 probably.
-----------------------------------------------
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42, 101, 102, 111, 110, 56, 57, 66, 65
43, 102, 103, 112, 111, 57, 58, 67, 66
44, 103, 104, 113, 112, 58, 59, 68, 67
45, 104, 105, 114, 113, 59, 60, 69, 68
46, 105, 106, 115, 114, 60, 61, 70, 69
47, 106, 107, 116, 115, 61, 62, 71, 70
48, 107, 108, 117, 116, 62, 63, 72, 71
49, 109, 110, 119, 118, 64, 65, 74, 73
50, 110, 111, 120, 119, 65, 66, 75, 74
51, 111, 112, 121, 120, 66, 67, 76, 75
52, 112, 113, 122, 121, 67, 68, 77, 76
53, 113, 114, 123, 122, 68, 69, 78, 77
54, 114, 115, 124, 123, 69, 70, 79, 78
55, 115, 116, 125, 124, 70, 71, 80, 79
56, 116, 117, 126, 125, 71, 72, 81, 80
57, 118, 119, 128, 127, 73, 74, 83, 82
58, 119, 120, 129, 128, 74, 75, 84, 83
59, 120, 121, 130, 129, 75, 76, 85, 84
60, 121, 122, 131, 130, 76, 77, 86, 85
61, 122, 123, 132, 131, 77, 78, 87, 86
62, 123, 124, 133, 132, 78, 79, 88, 87
63, 124, 125, 134, 133, 79, 80, 89, 88
64, 125, 126, 135, 134, 80, 81, 90, 89
65, 136, 137, 146, 145, 91, 92, 101, 100
66, 137, 138, 147, 146, 92, 93, 102, 101
67, 138, 139, 148, 147, 93, 94, 103, 102
68, 139, 140, 149, 148, 94, 95, 104, 103
69, 140, 141, 150, 149, 95, 96, 105, 104
70, 141, 142, 151, 150, 96, 97, 106, 105
71, 142, 143, 152, 151, 97, 98, 107, 106
72, 143, 144, 153, 152, 98, 99, 108, 107
73, 145, 146, 155, 154, 100, 101, 110, 109
74, 146, 147, 156, 155, 101, 102, 111, 110
75, 147, 148, 157, 156, 102, 103, 112, 111
76, 148, 149, 158, 157, 103, 104, 113, 112
77, 149, 150, 159, 158, 104, 105, 114, 113
78, 150, 151, 160, 159, 105, 106, 115, 114
79, 151, 152, 161, 160, 106, 107, 116, 115
80, 152, 153, 162, 161, 107, 108, 117, 116
81, 154, 155, 164, 163, 109, 110, 119, 118
82, 155, 156, 165, 164, 110, 111, 120, 119
83, 156, 157, 166, 165, 111, 112, 121, 120
84, 157, 158, 167, 166, 112, 113, 122, 121
85, 158, 159, 168, 167, 113, 114, 123, 122
86, 159, 160, 169, 168, 114, 115, 124, 123
87, 160, 161, 170, 169, 115, 116, 125, 124
88, 161, 162, 171, 170, 116, 117, 126, 125
89, 163, 164, 173, 172, 118, 119, 128, 127
90, 164, 165, 174, 173, 119, 120, 129, 128
91, 165, 166, 175, 174, 120, 121, 130, 129
92, 166, 167, 176, 175, 121, 122, 131, 130
93, 167, 168, 177, 176, 122, 123, 132, 131
94, 168, 169, 178, 177, 123, 124, 133, 132
95, 169, 170, 179, 178, 124, 125, 134, 133
96, 170, 171, 180, 179, 125, 126, 135, 134
97, 181, 182, 191, 190, 136, 137, 146, 145
98, 182, 183, 192, 191, 137, 138, 147, 146
99, 183, 184, 193, 192, 138, 139, 148, 147
100, 184, 185, 194, 193, 139, 140, 149, 148
101, 185, 186, 195, 194, 140, 141, 150, 149
102, 186, 187, 196, 195, 141, 142, 151, 150
103, 187, 188, 197, 196, 142, 143, 152, 151
104, 188, 189, 198, 197, 143, 144, 153, 152
105, 190, 191, 200, 199, 145, 146, 155, 154
106, 191, 192, 201, 200, 146, 147, 156, 155
107, 192, 193, 202, 201, 147, 148, 157, 156
108, 193, 194, 203, 202, 148, 149, 158, 157
109, 194, 195, 204, 203, 149, 150, 159, 158
110, 195, 196, 205, 204, 150, 151, 160, 159
111, 196, 197, 206, 205, 151, 152, 161, 160
112, 197, 198, 207, 206, 152, 153, 162, 161
113, 199, 200, 209, 208, 154, 155, 164, 163
114, 200, 201, 210, 209, 155, 156, 165, 164
115, 201, 202, 211, 210, 156, 157, 166, 165
116, 202, 203, 212, 211, 157, 158, 167, 166
117, 203, 204, 213, 212, 158, 159, 168, 167
118, 204, 205, 214, 213, 159, 160, 169, 168
119, 205, 206, 215, 214, 160, 161, 170, 169
120, 206, 207, 216, 215, 161, 162, 171, 170
121, 208, 209, 218, 217, 163, 164, 173, 172
122, 209, 210, 219, 218, 164, 165, 174, 173
123, 210, 211, 220, 219, 165, 166, 175, 174
124, 211, 212, 221, 220, 166, 167, 176, 175
125, 212, 213, 222, 221, 167, 168, 177, 176
126, 213, 214, 223, 222, 168, 169, 178, 177
127, 214, 215, 224, 223, 169, 170, 179, 178
128, 215, 216, 225, 224, 170, 171, 180, 179
*Nset, nset=Set-Top, generate
1, 217, 9
*Elset, elset=Set-Top, generate
1, 121, 8
*Solid Section, elset=block, material=Spring
,
*Nset, nset=Set-X, generate
181, 225, 1
*Nset, nset=Set-Y, generate
9, 225, 9
*Nset, nset=Set-Z
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88
89, 90, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176
177, 178, 179, 180, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225
*End Part
**
**
** ASSEMBLY
**
*Assembly, name=Assembly
**
*Instance, name=specimen-1, part=specimen
0., 0., -0.001
*End Instance
**
*End Assembly
*Amplitude, name=Amp-1
0., 0., 7.142857, 1.
**
** MATERIALS
**
*Material, name=Spring
*Density
6114.,
*Elastic
2.1e+11, 0.3
** Using constructed VUMAT
**Material, name="User Material"
**Density
**6114.,
**Depvar
** 10,
**User Material, constants=1
**432.,
**
** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
**
** Name: BC-SymX Type: Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre
*Boundary
specimen-1.Set-X, XSYMM
** Name: BC-SymY Type: Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre
*Boundary
specimen-1.Set-Y, YSYMM
** Name: BC-SymZ Type: Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre
*Boundary
specimen-1.Set-Z, ZSYMM
** ----------------------------------------------------------------
**
** STEP: Step-Pressing
**
*Step, name=Step-Pressing,inc=1000
*Static
0.00001,1.0,0.00000001,0.01
**Dynamic, Explicit
**, 7.14286
**Bulk Viscosity
**0.06, 1.2
** Mass Scaling: Semi-Automatic
** Whole Model
**Fixed Mass Scaling, factor=5.
**
** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
**
** Name: BC-1 Type: Displacement/Rotation
*Boundary, amplitude=Amp-1
specimen-1.Set-Top, 2, 2, -0.002
**
** OUTPUT REQUESTS
**
**Restart, write, number interval=1, time marks=NO
**
** FIELD OUTPUT: F-Output-1
**
*Output, field
*Node Output
A, RF, U, V
*Element Output, directions=YES
EVF, LE, PE, PEEQ, PEEQVAVG, PEVAVG, S, SVAVG
**
** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-2
**
*Output, history
*Node Output, nset=specimen-1.Set-Top
RT,
**
** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1
**
*Output, history, variable=PRESELECT
*End Step
------------------------------------------
Ruhr-University
Bochum
Germany